Updated on 3.7.07
1790 Battle of Ka'uwa'u-pali (Clawed off the cliff) & Ke-pani-wai (Damming of the Waters) Pali weapons of war
Kamehameha
filled Maui's Kahului
harbor with a fleet of war canoes and a cannon (operated by two Celts:
Scot John
Young and Welshman Isaac Davis). On the 3rd day of the battle,
Kamehameha brings out the cannon and slaughters Maui's then-reigning King
Kahekili's warriors. see
1790 Maui chronology The cannon were the main reason the tide of battle went
his way.
Ties with Britain
Kamehameha held a council of chiefs aboard Vancouver's ship Discovery on
February 21, 1794. The ali'i decided to place Hawai'i under the protection of
Great Britain, while retaining the right to rule Hawai'i independently. The
British flag was hoisted on shore four days later and Lt. Puget took possession
of all Hawai'i in the name of King George III of Great Britain. George III was
the same British king who led the British against the American colonies during
the Revolutionary War. Vancouver's journals recorded that a salute was fired and
Hawaiians exclaimed, "We are men of Britain." Though the secession was never
ratified by the rulers of Great Britain, this event began a long and friendly
relationship between the Hawaiian Islands and Great Britain.
Vancouver refused Kamehameha's request for firearms and gun powder, but promised Kamehameha delivery of a war ship with cannon as a gift from King George. John Young was a British sailor who would play a leading role in the early post-western contact development of Hawai'i. Young was left behind on the Big Island by Thomas Metcalf, captain of the ship Elenora, and became an advisor and friend to Kamehameha, who made Young a high chief. Young brought knowledge of the western world, including naval and land battle strategies, to Kamehameha, and a sober, just voice on affairs of state for the Hawaiian Kingdom. He organized the construction of the fort at Honolulu Harbor. Young built a compound at Kawaihae on the Big Island adjacent to the Pu'ukohala Heiau. There he and his Hawaiian wife raised a family and entertained both Hawaiian and western visitors. Young's grand-daughter Emma would become the wife of Kamehameha IV.
Kamehameha flew the British flag over his compound and on his war canoes and ships until 1816, when the Hawaiian flag was hoisted with its Union Jack and eight red, white and blue stripes. The Union Jack was most likely chosen to reflect Kamehameha's desire for British protection; the stripes represent each of the main Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaiian flag was first designed in about 1809 by either Captain Alexander Adams or Captain George Beckley, both friends and advisors to Kamehameha. The Islander Magazine
Princess
Kai'ulani (kah-E-ooh-lah-nie)The haunting story of
the Scottish-Hawaiian
Princess Victoria
Kaiulani. the daughter of Princess
Miriam Kapili Likelike (pronounced "Lee-keh-lee-keh") and Scotsman Archibald
Scott Cleghorn, prosperous businessman, horticulturist, and eventual Governor of
O’ahu during Queen Lili’uokalani’s reign; the fragile beauty who, as heir-apparent was groomed all her life to
be the future Queen of Hawaii. Despite the struggles of loyal Royalists who
fought for the beleaguered throne, Kaiulani's birthright was swept away forever
when the Monarchy was overthrown in January, 1893. Hawaii was annexed to the
United States on August 12th 1898. The Princess died seven months later, at the
age of twenty three.
Princess Victoria Ka'iulani Scottish-Hawaiian New World Celt
Archibald
Scott Cleghorn Born in Edinburgh, Scotland 15 November 1835. Arrived
in Honolulu in 1851. Married Princess Likelike 22 Sept 1870. Father of Victoria
Kai'ulani. Governor of Oahu under Queen
Lili’uokalani’s reign. Died 1 November 1910 on his ranch Ainahau, Waikiki, Oahu.
From the book "The View From Diamond
Head:"
A wealthy merchant and man about town, Archibald Cleghorn, at the age of 37,
married Miriam Likelike, the nineteen-year-old great-granddaughter of chief
Kepo'okalani, a cousin of King Kamehameha I of the Hawaiian Islands. This
marriage brought the Scotsman into the midst of Hawaiian royalty and
governmental affairs when his wife's brother, David Kalakaua, became king in
1874. The King appointed Cleghorn to the House of Nobles and upon the
death of John Dominis in 1891, Queen Lili'uokalani made him governor of Oahu.
One of the more prominent men of his day, Cleghorn played an instrumental role
in the founding of Kapi'olani Park in 1877. He served as vice president,
and later president of the Kapi'olani Park Assn., and planned the landscaping of
the park. The stately ironwood trees that adorn Kalakaua Avenue's route
through the park were planted under his supervision, as were the grand banyans
at Thomas Square.
Cleghorn not only beautified Waikiki through his work on the park, but also at
his estate, Ainahau, which he purchased in 1872 for $300. Inheriting a
love of horticulture from his father, Cleghorn lavishly landscaped this parcel,
making it the most beautiful private estate in the Hawaiian Islands. At
first he used it as a country retreat. However, it soon became his
family's primary residence, and his stately home on Emma Street was turned over
to the Pacific Club, an organization he had joined in 1853 and presided over for
46 years. As a royal residence in Waikiki, Ainahau was the scene of
various parties and entertainments, and visitors such as Robert Louis Stevenson
departed the Islands with fond memories of the estate.
Not only a site of pleasant pastimes, these lands also were associated
with grief and tragedy. Here, Princess Likelike died on 2 Feb., 1887 at
the age of 36, and 12 years later, in 1899, Cleghorn's daughter Kaiulani, passed
away here in the springtime of her life, at the age of 24. Following her
death, Cleghorn led a less active life, although he remained involved in the
affairs of Queens Hospital and in 1909 he became its first elected president, a
post which previously had been occupied by either the reigning monarch or the
territorial governor.
Cleghorn died of heart failure at Ainahau on Nov. 1, 1910.
Robert Crichton Wyllie
was born at Hazelbank, Parish of Dunlop, County of Ayrshire, Scotland, on
October 13, 1798. As the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Robert
had Hawaii acknowledged as an independent Kingdom by treaties with most of the
civilized nations, all of which were engineered by Mr. Wyllie, who was without a
doubt one of the most, if not the most, influential men in the Kingdom.
"The Hawaiian Gazette" of October 21, 1865, stated: "The death of
such a man cannot but be regarded as a national calamity. There is not a
Hawaiian, from one end of the Islands to the other, but who, when he hears of
Mr. Wyllie's death, will say -- 'There went a true friend of our King and His
People' ".
see the Coffee Times article about Scotland and Hawaii
British in Hawaii The influence of Great Britain on the Hawaiian Islands is pervasive but easily overlooked. English is the main language, the Hawaiian flag boldly displays the British Union Jack, and local law is based, in part, on old English common law. Many Scot traders and even Robert Louis Stevenson had influence on the Hawaiian monarchy.
Celtic
Pipes and Drums of Hawai'i 
HB1474
the official government act of creating a tartan for the state of
Hawaii. The legislature finds that Hawai`i has a strong and flourishing
Scottish and Irish heritage which has been ever-present since the early days of
the monarchy. Today it is embodied in its many local organizations and
institutions including the Hawai`i Handweavers Hui, the Caledonian Society of
Hawai`i, the Celtic Pipes and Drums of Hawai`i, the Scottish Country Dancers
Association, Hawai`i Thistle Pipe Band, the St. Andrews Society, the Scottish
Association, the Scottish Rite Cathedral, the Celtic Catholic Church, the
Khanate of the Golden Horde, the Society for Creative Anachronism, the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Clan Na Gael and others. These groups reflect the broad
diversity of Hawai`i’s ethnic population bound together in an appreciation of
Celtic culture.
The Hawaiian Scots The unique link between the Hamakua Coast on Hawaii’s Big Island and the Scots town of Kirriemuir is one of the many untold stories of the Caledonian presence in the Pacific Ocean.
James Makee Ulupalakua Ranch, more than 20,000 acres once owned by legendary Scottish sea captain James Makee, celebrated in the Hawaiian song and dance Hula O Makee. Wounded in a Honolulu waterfront brawl in 1843, Captain Makee moved to Maui and bought Ulupalakua. He renamed it Rose Ranch and planted sugar as a cash crop. He grew rich and toasted life until his death, in 1879.
"A Biographical Dictionary History Makers of
Hawaii," by A. Grove Day, March 1984 by Mutual Publishing of Honolulu
states:
Adams,
Alexander (1780-1870). Born in Forfarshire, Scotland, Adams
went to sea at the age of 12 and served in the Royal Navy until 1810, when he
arrived in Hawaii on the American ship Albatross. He took up residence
ashore and through the good offices of John Young was placed in command of the
small collection of vessels owned by Kamehameha I. Adams sailed the king
and crew of the brig Kaahumanu to Kauai in 1816 to expel the Russian filibusters
under Georg Anton Scheffer. Adams is supposed to have inspired the design of the
present Hawaii flag, putting the Union Jack in the upper corner.
Along with Young, Adams advised Kamehameha II to allow the American missionaries
to remain in the kingdom. When the monarch left for England in 1823, Adams
was asked to act as pilot for the port of Honolulu, a post he held for nearly 30
years. He then retired to his estate of more than two thousand acres
granted to him by Kamehameha I in Kalihi, Oahu.
Friends of St. Patrick P.O. Box 2178 Hon. HI 96805 www.irishclubhawaii.com
The Wild Shamrocks P.O. Box 8061, Hon. HI 96830-0061
Society
of the Friendly Sons of St Patrick of Hawaii
Hawaiian Scottish Association P.O. Box 636 Kaneohe, HI 96744
Caledonian Society of Hawaii http://www.scotsinhawaii.org/
The Celtic Pipes and Drums of Hawaii pgr 808-537-5400 www.lava.net/~cpdh
Hawaiian Thistle Pipe
Band 
www.hawaiianthistle.org
The Royal Scottish Country Dance Society info @ 808-538-7707
Hawaii Scottish Festival
http://www.maclachlans.org
Warrior Poets Scottish Society (Big Island) Contact Amy at ladydautevielle@yahoo.com call 808-968-1094
New World Celts, Hawaii Chapter Contact Bill Comerford at 808-223-3997. bill@ejlounge.com
Scotland and Hawaii by Amy Hoff
The Irish in Hawai'i Written by James O'Toole
James Campbell In 1879, Scot-Irish James Campbell's vision had made it possible for Hawaii's people to grow sugar cane on the dry lands of the Ewa Plain. The well also uncovered a vast pure water reserve that to this day provides the Pearl Harbor and Honolulu areas with water. The site of the well is marked by a stone monument and plaque on Fort Weaver Road, across West Loch Fairways.
